Start-ups are scrambling to develop methods for analyzing genetic information, but most of their efforts are directed at the research market. Only a handful of companies are seriously looking at improving the process in the clinical lab. Their biggest challenges: overcoming PCR's dominance and distinguishing themselves from competitors. The field can't really take off, however, until new applications of genetic tests show medical value.

Ultra-high-throughput screening

Molecular Diagnostics. Xanthon claims it is developing a platform technology that will allow target squences of DNA or RNA to be detected with far less handling than PCR now requires. The technology takes advantage of the electrochemical properties of DNA. Xanthon attaches a membrane to an electrode and probes to the membrane. If a target sequence is present in the sample exposed to the membrane, it will bind, or hybridize there.